{"id":12998,"date":"2021-02-09T12:33:27","date_gmt":"2021-02-09T11:33:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.cervantes.es\/dublin\/?p=12998"},"modified":"2021-02-09T12:38:03","modified_gmt":"2021-02-09T11:38:03","slug":"los-irlandeses-y-el-independentismo-latinoamericano-ireland-and-latin-american-independence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cervantes.es\/dublin\/los-irlandeses-y-el-independentismo-latinoamericano-ireland-and-latin-american-independence\/","title":{"rendered":"Los irlandeses y el independentismo latinoamericano |Ireland and Latin-American Independence"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Portada
Portada de The Southern Cross; peri\u00f3dico fundado por emigrantes irlandeses en Argentina, en 1912. Fuente: Society for Irish Latin American Studies <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

La historia de la emigraci\u00f3n irlandesa a Am\u00e9rica Latina a partir del siglo XVII supone un aspecto verdaderamente fascinante de la historia que continua siendo un gran tema de inter\u00e9s para los historiadores contempor\u00e1neos. Tal y como descubrimos en la \u00faltima entrada del blog sobre los colegios irlandeses<\/a>, la protecci\u00f3n de los Habsburgos permit\u00eda a los irlandeses integrarse en la sociedad espa\u00f1ola bajo el clima de faccionalismo religioso que caracterizaba la \u00e9poca de la Contrareforma. <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Como consecuencia de la alianza religiosa entre el estado espa\u00f1ol y los emigrantes irlandeses, mercaderes y curas pod\u00edan unirse a las expediciones militares o empresariales espa\u00f1olas que ten\u00edan como objetivo establecer nuevas colonias o convertir a las comunidades ind\u00edgenas a la religi\u00f3n cat\u00f3lica. Gracias a las \u00faltimas investigaciones hist\u00f3ricas, hoy conocemos mejor c\u00f3mo se integraron en las sociedades latinoamericanas y su posici\u00f3n social bajo el colonialismo espa\u00f1ol, dentro de las nuevas sociedades independientes del siglo XIX.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A partir de finales del siglo XVI, durante la primera ola de emigraci\u00f3n irlandesa a Am\u00e9rica Latina, los curas que se hab\u00edan formado inicialmente en Espa\u00f1a en los colegios irlandeses se encargaron de fundar misiones religiosas para lograr la conversi\u00f3n al catolicismo de las comunidades ind\u00edgenas. Seg\u00fan un art\u00edculo de History Ireland<\/em><\/a>,<\/em> los curas irlandeses se ve\u00edan obligados a unirse a \u00f3rdenes religiosas como los jesuitas o los franciscanos, para difundir el mensaje autorizado por el estado espa\u00f1ol.[1]<\/a> Tras haberse formado en los colegios irlandeses de Salamanca y Santiago de Compostela bajo la protecci\u00f3n de la monarqu\u00eda espa\u00f1ola, las autoridades espa\u00f1olas quer\u00edan aprovechar su formaci\u00f3n para oprimir a los pueblos nativos mediante el adoctrinamiento religioso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sin\nembargo, a lo largo del siglo XVIII, los nuevos irlandeses que llegaban a lugares\ncomo Uruguay, Argentina y Chile en expediciones militares o mercantiles, empezaron\na unirse a las luchas independentistas sudamericanas surgidas del declive\necon\u00f3mico y la desigualdad social que marcaba el imperio espa\u00f1ol durante esa\n\u00e9poca. Aunque todav\u00eda nos queda mucho por aprender sobre las razones por las\nque luchaban y sus distintas actitudes frente al independentismo, no cabe duda\nde que los irlandeses encontraban en las luchas independentistas una v\u00eda para contribuir\na las sociedades sudamericanas y liberarlas de las dificultades sociales y\necon\u00f3micas por las que hab\u00edan pasado durante el siglo XVIII.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Bernardo
Bernardo O’Higgins. General militar durante las luchas independentistas sudamericanas del siglo XIII. Fuente: History Ireland<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Tras\nla devastaci\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n irlandesa durante la \u2018Gran Hambruna\u2019 (1845-1850),\nuna nueva generaci\u00f3n de emigrantes se marcharon a Am\u00e9rica Latina en busca de un\nnuevo futuro. Con el fortalecimento  de\nlos v\u00ednculos religiosos y empresariales entre Irlanda y Argentina, la comunidad\nirlandesa pod\u00eda intregrarse m\u00e1s f\u00e1cilmente en la sociedad de la ciudad de\nBuenos Aires, lo que propiciaba un verdadero sentido de cohesi\u00f3n social. Debido\nal crecimiento de la comunidad irlandesa y su capacidad de integraci\u00f3n en la sociedad\nargentina, los irlandeses forjaban su propio espacio y contribu\u00edan a la diversidad\ncultural y al desarrollo econ\u00f3mico que caracteriz\u00f3 las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas del\nsiglo XIX en Argentina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adem\u00e1s de centrarnos en las historias de los militares irlandeses que lucharon para liberar a las colonias espa\u00f1olas, no debemos olvidar los casos de los campesinos pobres y trabajadores irlandeses que emigraron a los pa\u00edses sudamericanos en busca de una vida mejor. Con la consolidaci\u00f3n de la independencia y el crecimiento econ\u00f3mico de las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas del siglo XIX, Argentina se hab\u00eda convertido en el destino m\u00e1s importante para estos emigrantes irlandeses, la mayor\u00eda de los que se asentaba en la ciudad de Buenos Aires o en las pampas del norte del pa\u00eds. Aunque todav\u00eda no tenemos una imagen completa de las vidas de los emigrantes irlandeses y de la historia de su compleja intregaci\u00f3n social, las historias de estos emigrantes ayudaron a Irlanda a a establecer los primeros lazos con Am\u00e9rica Latina as\u00ed como a empezar una relaci\u00f3n duradera con los pa\u00edses que siempre hab\u00edan dado la bienvenida a sus emigrantes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Texto: Philip McGuinness<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

The\nhistory of Irish emigration to Latin America from the 17th<\/sup> century\nremains one of the most fascinating aspects of our national history and something\nthat continues to attract the interest of contemporary historians. As we\ndiscovered in the last blog on the so-called \u2018colegios irlandeses\u2019, the\nprotection of the Habsburg monarchs allowed Irish emigrants to integrate freely\ninto Spanish society, such was the climate of religious factionalism that\ndominated the Counterreformation. As a result of this religious alliance\nbetween these Irish emigrants and Catholic Spain, Irish merchants and priests\nwere able to travel to Latin America aboard Spanish military or merchant\nexpeditions that aimed to establish new colonies or convert the indigenous\npopulations to Catholicism. In keeping with recent historical research, we now possess\na much better understanding of how these Irishmen and women integrated into\nLatin American society and how they were perceived and treated under Spanish\ncolonialism and the new independent regimes of the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During\nthe first wave of Irish emigration to Latin America from the end of the 16th<\/sup>\ncentury, many of the Irish priests who had trained at Salamanca or Santiago de\nCompostela now undertook to travel to South America as part of religious\nmissions designed to convert the indigenous population. According to one\narticle published in History Ireland<\/em>, many of these priests were forced\nto join religious orders such as the Jesuits or Franciscans in order to spread\nthe official religious doctrine of the Spanish state. Having helped to train\nthese priests in the schools of Salamanca or Santiago, the Spanish state now\nsought to take advantage of this training as part of their objective to oppress\nthe native populations through religious indoctrination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nevertheless,\nthroughout the 18th<\/sup> century, many new Irish emigrants, who had\ninitially arrived aboard Spanish military or commercial expeditions, began to\nalign themselves with the independence movements of the period, owing to the\ngeneral economic decline and social inequality that characterised the Spanish\nEmpire during this period. Although there remains much to be learned about\ntheir reasons for insurrection and their own attitudes towards independence,\nthere is no doubt that, in these independence movements, many Irishmen found a\nnew way to contribute to South American societies in attempting to free them\nfrom the social difficulties they endured during the 18th<\/sup> century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After\nthe devastation of the Irish population after the \u2018Great Famine\u2019 of the mid-19th<\/sup>\ncentury, a further generation of Irish emigrants left for South America in\nsearch of a new future. With the strengthening of religious and commercials\nties between Ireland and Argentina, Irish men and women were able to easily\nintegrate into Argentine society, leading to an almost complete assimilation\nduring this period. Due to the growth of the Irish community and their ability\nto assimilate almost completely, these Irish were able to forge their own space\nwithin Argentine society, thus contributing to the development of cultural\ndiversity and economic development that characterised the final decades of the\n19th<\/sup> century in Argentina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as focusing on the stories of the Irish men and women who fought to free Latin America from Spanish rule, it is also worth focusing on the stories of those Irish who came after the Famine in search of a better life. With the consolidation of independence and the economic development of the late 19th<\/sup> century, Argentina became the most important destination in South America for Irish emigrants, the majority of whom settled in the city of Buenos Aires or throughout the northern plains of the country. Although we are still lacking a complete picture of the story of Irish integration in Argentina and elsewhere, the stories of these emigrants allowed Ireland to connect for the first time with Latin and South America whilst building a lasting relationship with the countries that had helped to welcome their emigrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Edmundo Murray, \u2018Secret Diasporas: The Irish in Latin America and the Caribbean\u2019 in History Ireland (July 2008) (https:\/\/www.historyireland.com\/20th-century-contemporary-history\/secret-diasporas-the-irish-in-latin-america-and-the-caribbean\/<\/a>) [Accessed: 25th<\/sup> January 2020].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Text by Philip McGuinness<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La historia de la emigraci\u00f3n irlandesa a Am\u00e9rica Latina a partir del siglo XVII supone un aspecto verdaderamente fascinante de la historia que continua siendo un gran tema de inter\u00e9s para los historiadores contempor\u00e1neos. Tal y como descubrimos en la \u00faltima entrada del blog sobre los colegios irlandeses, la protecci\u00f3n de los Habsburgos permit\u00eda a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":323,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1505],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cervantes.es\/dublin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12998"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cervantes.es\/dublin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cervantes.es\/dublin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cervantes.es\/dublin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/323"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cervantes.es\/dublin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12998"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cervantes.es\/dublin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12998\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13010,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cervantes.es\/dublin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12998\/revisions\/13010"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cervantes.es\/dublin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12998"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cervantes.es\/dublin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12998"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.cervantes.es\/dublin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12998"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}