{"id":13328,"date":"2022-04-18T09:49:00","date_gmt":"2022-04-18T08:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.cervantes.es\/dublin\/?p=13328"},"modified":"2022-03-29T10:10:06","modified_gmt":"2022-03-29T09:10:06","slug":"lucha-por-la-libertad-de-expresion-derechos-de-autor-y-elio-antonio-de-nebrija-fight-for-free-thinking-copyright-and-elio-antonio-de-nebrija","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.cervantes.es\/dublin\/lucha-por-la-libertad-de-expresion-derechos-de-autor-y-elio-antonio-de-nebrija-fight-for-free-thinking-copyright-and-elio-antonio-de-nebrija\/","title":{"rendered":"Lucha por la libertad de expresi\u00f3n. Derechos de autor y Elio Antonio de Nebrija | Fight for Free Thinking. Copyright and Elio Antonio de Nebrija"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/a>
D\u00eda Mundial del Libro y del Derecho de Autor. Imagen: Marta Villarte\/Instituto Cervantes Dubl\u00edn<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

El 23 de abril se celebra el D\u00eda Mundial del Libro y del Derecho de Autor y lo celebramos con varios encuentros literarios<\/a>, pero ahora, vamos a conocer un poco m\u00e1s la relevancia de Elio Antonio de Nebrija y los derechos de autor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es habitual pensar que un objeto que has creado es de tu propiedad, ya sea un cuadro, un libro o, incluso, una idea. El derecho de autor es algo tan natural para nosotros como las cerraduras de nuestras casas. Sin embargo, no siempre fue as\u00ed: en el pasado, los escritores vieron que sus obras eran copiadas y libremente revendidas. La entrada de hoy trata de un espa\u00f1ol que hizo posible que los autores se ganaran la vida con su creatividad. Escribi\u00f3 uno de los primeros bestseller<\/em> de la historia y reclam\u00f3 su propiedad intelectual. Se llamaba Elio Antonio de Nebrija y este a\u00f1o se cumple el 500 aniversario de su muerte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\u00bfC\u00f3mo funcionaban los derechos de autor en el pasado?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

No sabemos exactamente qu\u00e9 pensaban los antiguos griegos de la misma idea de copyright<\/em>, pero seguramente les sorprender\u00eda saber que hoy en d\u00eda algunos autores viven de sus libros. Era una pr\u00e1ctica normal copiar las obras literarias a mano para difundirlas. Los autores, evidentemente, no eran remunerados por cada copia. En la \u00e9poca medieval no hab\u00eda una necesidad real de derechos de autor, ya que incluso los arist\u00f3cratas y los monarcas no ten\u00edan el h\u00e1bito de leer a diario. Los libros se escrib\u00edan en lat\u00edn \u2014 la lengua que hablaban sobre todo los monjes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 Nebrija no solo pudo hacer carrera con la publicaci\u00f3n de sus libros, sino tambi\u00e9n beneficiarse econ\u00f3micamente?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nebrija naci\u00f3 en 1444, unos a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s de que se inventara la imprenta. Fue entonces cuando comenz\u00f3 oficialmente el negocio de la imprenta: al obtener el derecho de reimpresi\u00f3n, se pod\u00edan copiar las obras durante a\u00f1os. Sin embargo, los autores solo recib\u00edan una peque\u00f1a recompensa y ten\u00edan que buscar otras maneras para ganarse la vida. Antonio de Nebrija fue realmente el pionero en defender el derecho del escritor a pensar y crear sin restricciones econ\u00f3micas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfQui\u00e9n fue esta persona y por qu\u00e9 es tan importante para quien quiera dedicarse al hispanismo? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Nebrija<\/em>, de Agust\u00edn Comotto. Portada: editorial N\u00f3rdica, 2022.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

1492 es la fecha que todos los hispanistas memorizan para su primer examen. Para la mayor\u00eda de nosotros, la asociaci\u00f3n con ella ser\u00eda el descubrimiento de Am\u00e9rica. Sin embargo, Nebrija cre\u00f3 un v\u00ednculo a\u00fan m\u00e1s fuerte con esta fecha en el coraz\u00f3n de los fil\u00f3logos al escribir la primera Gram\u00e1tica Castellana<\/em> en ese mismo a\u00f1o. En un mundo en el que casi todos los libros se segu\u00edan publicando en lat\u00edn y en el que las numerosas lenguas que se hablaban en la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica (castellano, catal\u00e1n, occitano, euskera, gallego, etc.) se consideraban vulgares, este libro fue una revelaci\u00f3n que s\u00f3lo pod\u00eda crear un pensador liberal. Adem\u00e1s, Nebrija contribuy\u00f3 a dar fama a Espa\u00f1a, al crear un “libro de texto” internacional, Introductiones latinae<\/em> (Salamanca, 1481) que se public\u00f3 cientos de veces y se difundi\u00f3 por toda Europa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nebrija fue un verdadero humanista polifac\u00e9tico, y sus numerosas habilidades y talentos le hicieron ser recordado como historiador, catedr\u00e1tico, traductor, ex\u00e9geta, cronista real y poeta. Cre\u00eda que la lengua castellana era una fuerza de uni\u00f3n para las tierras de los Reyes Cat\u00f3licos. Estos monarcas eran los que \u00e9l veneraba (incluso dedic\u00f3 su Gram\u00e1tica castellana<\/em> a la reina Isabel). Al mismo tiempo, este r\u00e9gimen le puso, parad\u00f3jicamente, en las manos de la inquisici\u00f3n. Nebrija tuvo que someterse a un juicio pol\u00edtico por intentar interpretar la Biblia utilizando fuentes del griego y el hebreo antiguos en lugar del lat\u00edn. Tras ser absuelto, public\u00f3 Apolog\u00eda<\/em> (1507), la primera declaraci\u00f3n seria contra la censura y a favor del pensamiento y la expresi\u00f3n libres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nuestras recomendaciones de lectura sobre Nebrija<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Nebrija<\/em><\/a> de Agust\u00edn Comotto (N\u00f3rdica, 2022): un c\u00f3mic magistral que narra la biograf\u00eda y los logros m\u00e1s importantes del erudito.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– El manuscrito de Niebla<\/em><\/a> de Luis Garc\u00eda Jambrina (Espasa, 2022): la historia de edici\u00f3n de libros en la \u00e9poca de Nebrija contada en forma de novela detectivesca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Texto de Ekaterina Dragalina<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Fight for Free Thinking. Copyright and Elio Antonio de Nebrija<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

On April 23rd we celebrate the World Book and Copyright Day. During that week, we will present a programme of events for all audiences<\/a>. But now, let\u2019s discover the importance of Elio Antonio de Nebrija and his relation with Copytight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is common to think that an object that you created belongs to you, regardless of whether it is a painting, a book or even an idea. Authors\u2019 copyright is something as natural to us as locks on our houses. However, it was not always like this: in the past, literary authors had their creations copied and resold by others for free and without a second thought. Today\u2019s article is about a Spanish man who made it possible for authors to make a living out of their creativity. He sold one of the first book bestsellers in history and claimed its ownership. His name was Elio Antonio de Nebrija, and this year marks the 500th<\/sup> anniversary of his death.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How did copyright work in the past?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

We don\u2019t exactly know what ancient Greeks thought of the idea of copyright, but surely, they would be surprised to know that nowadays authors live off their books. It was a normal practice to copy literary works by hand in order to spread the word about them. The authors did not get any profit from that action. In the Medieval times, there was no actual need for copyright, since even aristocrats and monarchs did not have a habit of reading daily. Books were written in Latin \u2013 the language that mostly monks spoke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
El manuscrito de Niebla,<\/em> de Luis Garc\u00eda Jambrina. Portada: Espasa, 2022<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Why was Nebrija able to not only make a career out of publishing his books, but also profit from it financially?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nebrija was born in 1444, a few years after the printing press was invented. This is when the printing business officially started: by getting the privilege of reprint, the publishers could freely copy the works for several years. However, the authors were only getting a small reward and had to search for other ways to make a living. Antonio de Nebrija was truly the pioneer of defending the writer\u2019s right to think and create without financial restrictions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Who was this person and why is he so important for anyone who wants to get serious about Spanish studies? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1492 is the date that all the hispanists memorize for their very first exam. For most of us, the association with it would be the discovery of America. However, Nebrija created even a stronger bond to it in the philologists\u2019 hearts by writing the first Castilian Grammar (Gram\u00e1tica Castellana<\/em>) in the same year. In the world where almost all the books were still published in Latin, and the many languages spoken in the Iberian Peninsula (Castilian, Catalan, Occitan, Basque, Galician, etc.) were considered vulgar, this book was truly a sensation that could be created only by a liberal thinker. Moreover, Nebrija created a fame for Spain by creating an international \u201ctextbook\u201d, Introductiones latinae <\/em>(Salamanca, 1481), which was published hundreds of times and spread all over Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nebrija was a real multifaceted humanist, and his numerous skills and talents made him remembered as a historian, a scholar, a translator, an exegete, a royal chronicler, and a poet. He believed the Castillian language to be a uniting force that would bond the lands of the Catholic Monarchs together. These monarchs were the ones he revered (he even dedicated his Castilian Grammar to Queen Isabel). At the same time, their regime paradoxically sent him to the hands of inquisition. Nebrija had to go through an impeachment trial for trying to interpret the Bible using sources from Ancient Greek and Hebrew instead of only Latin. After his acquittal, he published Apology (Apolog\u00eda<\/em>, 1507) \u2013 the first serious statement against censorship and in favor of free thinking and expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recommended new book releases about the life of Nebrija<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n